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What is an occupancy sensor?

An occupancy sensor is a device that detects the presence or number of people in a room or area. Common outputs include binary occupied/unoccupied signals, real-time headcounts, and historical usage data. These outputs are used to automate systems (lighting, HVAC), support analytics (space utilisation) and improve services (cleaning schedules, desk booking).

Technical terms defined:

Why "privacy-first" matters in the UK

UK organisations must comply with UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. Beyond legal compliance, privacy-first sensors protect employee trust and reduce the risk of regulatory action and reputational harm.

Privacy-first characteristics:

Vendors that prioritise these features help you meet legal obligations and maintain staff confidence.

Common sensor technologies — brief overview and privacy implications

PIR (passive infrared)

What it does: detects motion via heat change.

Thermal sensors (camera-free)

What it does: detects heat signatures to count people or identify occupied zones without producing video images.

Optical cameras (computer vision)

What it does: captures images/video and applies algorithms to detect people.

Radar-based sensors

What it does: uses radio waves to detect movement and presence.

Ultrasonic

What it does: uses sound waves to detect movement.

Wi‑Fi/Bluetooth device detection

What it does: infers occupancy by detecting mobile devices.

CO2 sensing

What it does: measures carbon dioxide as a proxy for presence and ventilation needs.

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