Common sensors in biology labs
Biology labs measure chemical and physical conditions that affect living systems. Common sensors include:
- Dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors: track oxygen levels in culture media and bioreactors.
- pH sensors/probes: monitor acidity for enzymatic reactions and cell culture.
- Temperature sensors: essential for incubators, cold rooms, and reaction stability.
- CO2 sensors: maintain incubator atmospheres for cell growth.
- Humidity sensors: control moisture in controlled-environment spaces.
- Gas detectors: detect volatile chemicals or leaks for safety.
- Optical and fluorescence sensors: used for absorbance, fluorescence assays, and imaging systems.
- Load cells and flow meters: measure liquid delivery and pump performance.
Each sensor type serves specific experimental needs. Choose sensors that match the sample type (liquid, gas, or surface), desired frequency of measurement, and chemical compatibility with reagents.
Sensor performance & calibration for biology applications
Reliable data depends on proper performance characteristics and routine calibration:
- Accuracy and precision: Check the manufacturer's stated accuracy and repeatability for the measurement range you need.
- Resolution: Ensure the sensor resolution supports distinguishing meaningful changes in your experiment.
- Sampling frequency: Fast-changing processes, like reactions, need higher sampling rates; environmental monitoring can use lower rates.
- Chemical compatibility: Probe housings and membranes must tolerate buffers, solvents, or sterilization procedures.
- Stability and drift: Sensors that drift require frequent recalibration or automated reference checks.
Calibration best practices
- Follow manufacturer procedures and use certified standards when available.
- For critical experiments, calibrate before use and verify between runs.
- Keep a calibration log with date, technician, and reference materials used.
- Establish a calibration frequency based on sensor drift characteristics: daily or before critical runs for DO and pH in intensive use, weekly to monthly for environmental sensors depending on stability.
Environmental monitoring & lab safety
Environmental sensors protect experiments and personnel by continuously monitoring room conditions and equipment:
- Incubator monitoring: Temperature, CO2, and humidity sensors protect cultures and trigger alarms on excursions.
- Cold rooms and freezers: Temperature sensors with alerting prevent sample loss due to equipment failure.
- Ventilation and air quality: CO2 and volatile organic compound (VOC) detectors help assess ventilation performance and fume hood effectiveness.
- Redundancy and alarms: Use redundant sensors for critical assets and integrate alarm thresholds into the monitoring platform.
Regulatory and safety considerations
- Document monitoring and alarm-response procedures for compliance with institutional policies.
- Ensure alarms reach responsible personnel via multiple channels (email, SMS, or paging systems).
- Choose sensors with appropriate certifications if required by the facility, such as food or clinical lab standards.